C++ Roadmap and Introduction

🚀 C++ Roadmap and Introduction

📌 What is C++? +

Definition of C++: 

C++ is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that supports both procedural and object-oriented programming. It enables the development of efficient and complex applications and was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. C++ extends C with features like classes, inheritance, and polymorphism, making it suitable for everything from system software to games and real-time applications.

Why use C++?

• Performance: Compiled directly to machine code, very fast.

• Object-Oriented: Supports encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism.
• Memory Control: Offers pointer and memory management.
• STL: Standard Template Library includes containers and algorithms.
• Versatile: Used in OS, browsers, games, and more.
• Cross-Platform: Code runs on many platforms with little modification.

Example: Area of a Rectangle

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Rectangle {
private:
    float length, width;
public:
    void setDimensions(float l, float w) {
        length = l;
        width = w;
    }
    float calculateArea() {
        return length * width;
    }
};

int main() {
    Rectangle rect;
    rect.setDimensions(5.0, 3.5);
    cout << "Area of the rectangle: " << rect.calculateArea() << " sq. units" << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output: Area of the rectangle: 17.5 sq. units

Basic C++ Roadmap + Setup

Setup

• Install a C++ compiler (GCC, MinGW)
• Use an IDE or text editor (Code::Blocks, VS Code)

Basic Syntax

• Structure of a C++ program
• #include , main()
• Input/Output: cin , cout

Variables and Data Types

• int , float , char , bool , double
• Constants: const
• Type conversion and type casting

Operators

• Arithmetic: + , - , * , / , %
• Relational: == , != , > , <
• Logical: && , || , !
• Assignment and compound operators

Control Flow

• If, else if, else
• Switch case
• Loops: for, while, do-while
• break , continue

Functions

• Defining and calling functions
• Function parameters and return types
• Function overloading

Arrays and Strings

• 1D and 2D arrays
• Strings: char[] , string class

Pointers

• Declaration and initialization
• Pointer arithmetic
• Pointers with arrays/functions

OOP Basics

• Classes and objects
• Access specifiers: public, private
• Constructor and destructor

Practice Projects

• Calculator
• Number guessing game
• Student record system

If you want to learn basic C++ language completely then click on the topics above. If you already know the basics, continue to advanced topics using the link below.

📚 Practice Questions +

1. What is the structure of a basic C++ program?
2. What does #include <iostream> do?
3. What are the basic data types in C++?
4. What are arithmetic operators in C++?
5. How does a while loop work?
6. How do you declare and call a function in C++?
7. How do you declare an array in C++?
8. How do you find the length of a string?
9. What is a pointer?
10. What is a class in C++?